Cultural Mosaic
Additional Sources:
Living in the Philippines http://www.livinginthephilippines.com/culture-and-people/philippine-culture/culture-and-traditions/415-filipino-culture-customs-and-traditions This website provides a great insight to the Filipino culture and history of traditions. This site provides information on dating and marriage traditions, origin and history of art and games, and discusses different religious customs and celebrations. This website also provides information about foods, dress, and housing.
Countries and their Cultures http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/The-Philippines.html On this website you can find information pertaining to the origin and history of the Filipino culture. Information about the arts, celebrations, societal roles, religion, food, economy, and family structure can be found on this webpage.
Countries and their Cultures http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/The-Philippines.html On this website you can find information pertaining to the origin and history of the Filipino culture. Information about the arts, celebrations, societal roles, religion, food, economy, and family structure can be found on this webpage.
Source:
Religious affiliations [Map]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://oprev.sidebotham.net/wp-content/ back_issues/3rdQtr02/PhilippinesMap.jpg
Religious affiliations [Map]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://oprev.sidebotham.net/wp-content/ back_issues/3rdQtr02/PhilippinesMap.jpg
Statistics:
Births: 24.27 births/ 1000 population
Deaths: 6.11 deaths/ 1000 population
Population: 100,998,376
Median Age: 23.2 years
Urbanization: 44.4 % of population
School life expectancy: 11 years
Source:
The world factbook. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/ the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
Deaths: 6.11 deaths/ 1000 population
Population: 100,998,376
Median Age: 23.2 years
Urbanization: 44.4 % of population
School life expectancy: 11 years
Source:
The world factbook. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/ the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
Gapminder:
199The Philippines is fairly rural country. At least 55% of the Filipino population resides in rural areas, while 44.4% live in urban areas. The number has increased slowly throughout the years, As shown in figure 1. The Philippines has an urbanization rate of 1.32%. In comparison to more developing countries in the world, the Filipino rate of urbanization is much lower as seen in figure 2 below. This slower rate is most likely due to the rice-field farming culture of the Philippines.
Figure 1 shows the trend of urbanization in the Philippines from 1999-2011.
Figure 1 shows the trend of urbanization in the Philippines from 1999-2011.
Figure 2 shows the comparison of urban population growth from 2000-2011.
In addition to a change in Urbanization in the Philippines there has also been a change in the infant mortality rate in the Philippines. The infant mortality rate has decreased tremendously since the 1900's. The infant mortality rate was 430/1000 of the population in 1904. Today the infant mortality rate is 30/1000 of the population. The global mortality rate has also decreased, as seen in figure 3. I speculate that the decrease in infant mortality rate has to due with the increase in urbanization. Through urbanization families have access to better healthcare, food, and clean water, which leads to healthier people and healthier moms.
Figure 3. Comparison of global mortality rates from 1940's to 2013.
Figure 3. Comparison of global mortality rates from 1940's to 2013.
Religion in the Philippines
Religions start in one place and spread throughout the community and then throughout the country. In the Philippines the main religious practice is Catholicism. Catholicism first became popular in the Philippines in the 1565 with Miguel Lopez de Legaspi ("Religion in the Philippines"). During the 16th century of Spanish arrival Muslim had dominated a majority of the Philippines. Legaspi quickly redistributed the Muslims to the southern Island and convert the majority of the Filipino Island to Roman Catholic ("Religion in the Philippines"). Today Muslim religion makes up 5% of the Filipino Population. Other Religions present in the Philippines are protestant, Taoism, and evangelical ("Religion in the Philippines").
The role the Religion plays in the Filipino culture is fairly large. The Philippines claims to be one of the Christian countries in Asian and take pride in that statement ("Religion in the Philippines"). The religions practiced in the Philippines all hold the same belief. There is only one god. The effect this has had on cultural development has been the establishment of many religious holidays and celebrations ("Filipino Culture, Customs and Traditions | Culture and Tradition"). For example, during holy week there are many festivals held, one being the ancient ritual of Cutun Lenten Rites, a reenactment of Christ’s death. The Filipino religious believes have also lead to a culture of adaptation and synthesis, which is still changing today ("Religion in the Philippines"). Throughout history the Philippines has been taken over several different foreign rules. Each wanting to change their Religious beliefs. The Filipinos learned to adapt to these new beliefs while still staying true to their own. This is evident in the Buddhist and Hindu characteristics in their religious practice ("Religion in the Philippines"). The sacred places for religion in the Philippines are the baroque churches. These churches were built in the These four churches, the first of which was built by the Spanish in the late 16th century, are located in Manila, Santa Maria, Paoay and Miag-ao. Their unique architectural style is a reinterpretation of European Baroque by Chinese and Philippine craftsmen. They also survived numerous earthquakes. The connection between religion and the Filipino government is that there is not supposed to be one. In the 1987 constitution there is a declaration of separation between church and state ("Religion in the Philippines"). There have been incidents were the declaration has come into question. In 2004, the Supreme Court reversed a decision and allowed churches to endorse political candidates. Many challenged the decision including members of the Catholic Church, but the Supreme Court stood by their decision. ("Religion in the Philippines"). I personally think religion plays a large role in the history and establishment of this country. The Philippines catholic culture was influenced during the Spanish expedition and Spanish rule. Many of the holidays celebrated and festivals throughout the country are based off of the Catholic religion. I also think the many foreign influences they have received throughout the years has allowed the Filipinos an opportunity to create their own mix of religions, which they have done a small bit of. References: Baroque churches of Philippines [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://i1.wp.com/ i1130.photobucket.com/albums/m531/itlog_alienscream/Local/Baroque_Churches/Baroque_churches_027.jpg Filipino Culture, Customs And Traditions | Culture And Tradition. (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2015. Holy Week [Photograph]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://discoverphilippinesorg.files.wordpress.com/ 2012/12/holy-week-in-the-philippines1.jpg?w=551 Religion in the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2015, from http://asiasociety.org/religion-philippines?page=0,1 Religion in the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2015. World Religions map [Map]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6_aTbN1ZoHI/T-aqbatxFrI/ AAAAAAAAEPo/n8vakVnj4ig/s1600/world_religions_map.jpg |
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Cultural Diversity
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The Philippines is a country who has had their cultures and traditions tested time and time again. Throughout history the Philippine islands have been conquered by numerous countries and cultures. During each of the conquests the Filipino people learn and adapted to the cultures they were being introduced to, while still preserving their traditional values.
During the Spanish colonization of the Philippines in the 16th the Filipino traditions were influenced in many ways. One way was through language. The Spaniards felt anyone who Spanish was superior. This led to the spread of the Spanish language throughout the Philippines. Spanish dress and ways of life were also introduced during this time. In 1987 Spanish was declared as the official language of the Philippines. During the American occupation, traditions and cultures evolved once again in the Philippines. The American’s introduced the Filipinos to the western world during this occupation. Pop culture and English was preferred by foreigners from the west. Education was also standardized into English from Spanish. The influence of the western culture exposed the Filipino to a number of different cultures, which they learned to accept with an open mind. ("The Company"). This open mindedness expanded the Philippines trade routes to a more global level. American and Spanish cultures are not the only cultures present in the Philippines. There are also Malay, Hindu, Chinese and Arabic influences. (“Diversity in the Philippines”). The heart of the Philippines traditions is held by their religion. Over 80% of the Filipino people practice Catholicism. Catholicism is the one constant that remained throughout each of the Philippines many colonization’s throughout history. Many of their rituals, holidays, and country wide celebrations are based off of the Roman Catholic preaching's. (“Diversity in the Philippines”). Catholic teachings are also present in the traditional values upheld by the Filipino people. The family structure is a bilateral kinship that honors both Malay and Hispanic Catholic traditions. Cultural Diversity is also present among the arts in the Philippines. The arts reflect the diverse cultural influences and traditions of the Malyan people’s early contact with traders. A Filipino artist is known for incorporating indigenous folk motifs into modern forms. (“Philippine Culture”). In order to keep peace between the indigenous tribes and the western settlers in the Philippines, initiatives and committees have been established. These committees are meant to settle disputes between sub-tribes and resolve tribal conflicts. ( "World Affairs council of Northern California") Sources: Diversity in Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2015, from http://www.slideshare.net/psmuga/diversity-in-philippines Philippine Culture | Living In The Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2015, from http://www.livinginthephilippines.com/culture-and-people/philippine-culture The Company. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from http://www.multirational.com/cultural-diversity-in-the-philippines/ World Affairs Council of Northern California. (n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2015, from http://www.worldaffairs.org/media-library/event/1139#.VkvYaNYrLIV [Rizal Artist Festival]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.metrokelan.com/oc-content/uploads/53/ 5618.jpg |
Food Of the Philippines:
Food Culture:
Rice farming is a large part of the Filipino culture so in return it is also considered a staple in their diet. In every Filipino household you will find white rice, it is used with almost every meal and leftovers are reused and blended with herbs. Seafood such as shrimp and fish are also a staple in the Filipino diet-- due to large fishing culture. Breads and Noodles are also used in Filipino recipes.
Religion and Food:
Christian holidays are the common and popular holidays celebrated in the Philippines. There are 3 traditional foods associated with the three day celebration of Christmas in late December. These foods are tsokolate--a Filipino hot chocolate, Lumpia--spring rolls, Salabat-- a ginger tea.
where does it come from?
The Philippines unique geography makes it possible for a majority of their food to grown locally. The rice comes from rice farms and the seafood comes from the large fishing areas surrounding the Islands. They also are the home to coconuts and other exotic fruits, so those are also available locally.
Rice farming is a large part of the Filipino culture so in return it is also considered a staple in their diet. In every Filipino household you will find white rice, it is used with almost every meal and leftovers are reused and blended with herbs. Seafood such as shrimp and fish are also a staple in the Filipino diet-- due to large fishing culture. Breads and Noodles are also used in Filipino recipes.
Religion and Food:
Christian holidays are the common and popular holidays celebrated in the Philippines. There are 3 traditional foods associated with the three day celebration of Christmas in late December. These foods are tsokolate--a Filipino hot chocolate, Lumpia--spring rolls, Salabat-- a ginger tea.
where does it come from?
The Philippines unique geography makes it possible for a majority of their food to grown locally. The rice comes from rice farms and the seafood comes from the large fishing areas surrounding the Islands. They also are the home to coconuts and other exotic fruits, so those are also available locally.
Estofado
Estofado is a traditional Filipino Dish. It is a thick, rich and spicy preparation served mainly as a part of a larger lunch or dinner meal. This dish has Hispanic origins but has been adapted to the Filipino palate due to the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.
Ingredients:
1 lb Pork
1 c brown sugar
1/4 c vinegar
1/2 c Soy sauce
1 whole onion
1 bulb garlic
5-6 bay leaves
Olive oil
1 bowl
1 cooking pot
1 frying pan
1 c Rice optional
Procedure:
1. Take the bulb of garlic and mince 1/2 or whole bulb. Brown it. Add the whole onion (cut how you like) Cook til onions are a little soft, (5 min). Set aside.
2.Cut the pork into cubes 1x1in. Add some olive oil in a medium sized pan. Fry pork til brown. (Mine aren't fully brown) Dump grease when cooked.
3.While pork is cooking, mix the soy sauce, vinegar and brown sugar together in a bowl. Set aside.
4.In a medium sized pot, put in the cooked pork, and add the garlic and onions. Stir to mix everything.
5.Add brown sugar, vinegar and soy sauce into pot.
6.Put cover on and let cook for 15 mins. Do not stir!
7. Take 5 or six bay leaves and spread on top of the pork, do not stir.
8.Add cover back on and let cook for another 15- 20 minutes. Do not stir!!
Sources:
Food culture in the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2015, from http://traveltips.usatoday.com/food-culture-philippines-17408.html
Philippine culture and food history. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2015, from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.asian-recipe.com/philippines/ philippine-food-culture-and-history.html
Food culture in the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2015, from http://traveltips.usatoday.com/food-culture-philippines-17408.html
Philippine culture and food history. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2015, from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.asian-recipe.com/philippines/ philippine-food-culture-and-history.html